Charter schools are publicly funded elementary or secondary educational institutions that operate under a charter, which is essentially a contract between the school and its authorizing government entity. Charters detail the school's mission, goals, and specific methods for achieving those goals in exchange for flexibility from certain state laws and regulations. This allows charter schools to experiment with new teaching methods or curriculum designs that may not be possible within traditional public schools. In return, they are held accountable for meeting performance targets set out in their charters, which can include academic achievement, financial management, and organizational stability. Charter schools operate independently of local school districts and often have a specific focus such as science or the arts, or may cater to particular student populations like those with special needs or at risk students.